Ubuntu更换apt包管理器国内镜像源

1.为什么Ubuntu需要换源

Ubuntu中大部分的软件安装/更新都是利用 apt命令，从ubuntu的服务器直接安装的。但Ubuntu官方的服务器在国外，为了提高软件安装/更新速度，所以我们需要找到一个最快的Ubuntu镜像服务器来提升我们安装/更新软件的下载速度。本文详细指导如何为Ubuntu20.04、22.04、23.04系统设置国内镜像源，强调版本号匹配的重要性，推荐使用中国科技大学、阿里云和清华大学的镜像地址，并提供备份、编辑sources.list和更新步骤的讲解。

注意：如果你当前所在地区的官方源的下载速度足够你使用可以选择不更换至Ubuntu镜像服务器，即进行换源操作。

2.备份官方软件源

镜像软件源可能没有包含一些小众的软件源或者出现某天国内镜像软件源无法正常提供服务的情况，请在修改软件源前务必备份好官方软件源。我们可以使用下列命令将官方软件源备份为同目录下名为sources.list.bak的文件。

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

3.修改软件源

通常情况下，Ubuntu自带了vim文本编辑器，但存在某些精简版本不包含次编辑器的情况，因此我们这次选择vi文本编辑器。

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

按下i键进入编辑模式。

下列是不同版本Ubuntu的镜像源，将其复制并粘贴到sources.list即可。

注意：粘贴前请情况sources.list的所有内容。

Ubuntu23.04

阿里云源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 22.04

阿里云源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 20.04

阿里云源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

网易163源：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

编辑好源文件后按下esc键退出编辑模式，输入:wq命令，保存并退出vi文件编辑器。

4. 刷新apt软件源

输入以下指令刷新apt软件源与更新软件：

sudo apt update

5.更新Ubuntu系统（可选，非必须）

输入以下指令更新系统包含内核：

sudo apt-get upgrade